Interview Questions & Answers

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imap_body - Read the message body imap_check - Check current mailbox imap_delete - Mark a message for deletion from current mailbox imap_mail - Send an email mess...

A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser's computer. By default, cookies are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser's memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their differences: *Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information. *Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information. *Temporary cookies are safer because...

Crypto usage in PHP is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s free. First off, depending on the data that you’re encrypting, you might have reasons to store a 32-bit value in the database instead of the 160-bit value to save on space. Second, the more secure the crypto is, the longer is the computation time to deliver the hash value. A high volume site might be significantly slowed down, if frequent md5() generation is requir...

The set_time_limit() function enables the setting the timeout for the browser. The following snippet set the time out for 15 minutes / 900 seconds set_time_limit(900); The default time limit is 30 seconds or max_execution_time value available in php.ini fi...

PHP does not require (or support) explicit type definition in variable declaration; a variable's type is determined by the context in which that variable is used. That is to say, if you assign a string value to variable $var, $var becomes a string. If you then assign an integer value to $var, it becomes an integer. An example of PHP's automatic type conversion is the addition operator '+'. If any of the operands is a float, then all operands are evaluated as floats, and the result will be a float. Otherwise, the operands will be interpreted...

The Views module provides a flexible method for Drupal site designers to control how lists and tables of content (nodes in Views 1, almost anything in Views 2) are presented. Traditionally, Drupal has hard-coded most of this, particularly in how taxonomy and tracker lists are formatted. This tool is essentially a smart query builder that, given enough information, can build the proper query, execute it, and display the results. It has four modes, plus a special mode, and provides an impressive amount of functionality from these modes. Among...

Drupal has a system for classifying content, which is known as taxonomy and implemented in the core Taxonomy module. You can define your own vocabularies (groups of taxonomy terms), and add terms to each vocabulary. Vocabularies can be flat or hierarchical, can allow single or multiple selection, and can also be "free tagging" (meaning that when creating or editing content, you can add new terms on the fly). Each vocabulary can then be attached to one or more content types, and in this way, nodes on your site can be grouped into categories,...

Comments are another type of content you can have on your site (if you have enabled the core Comment module). Each comment is a typically small piece of content that a user submits, attached to a particular node. For example, each piece of discussion attached to a particular forum topic node is a comme...

By adding the javascript files in webroot and call them in default views if needed everywhere or just in the related vie...

It is an automatic task that is done by cakep...

By calling ajax helper and then using it in controller for render...

* app/ o config/ o controllers/ o models/ o plugins/ o tmp/ o vendors/ o views/ o webroot/ * cake/ o config/ o docs/ o libs/ * vendo...

find, findAll , findAllBy , findBy , findNeighbours , qu...

The different types of index are UNIQUE, INDEX and FULLT...

Take the framework either from cake site or if you have changed according to your needs start from there. proceed with basic software engg. concepts as requirement gathering ...

Can be done on submission in controller, or using javascript/ajax while user is still filling the data. second option is bett...

The learning curve, and it loads full application before it starts your task. Its not recommended for small projects because of its resource heavy structu...

1. The Model represents the application data 2. The View renders a presentation of model data 3. The Controller handles and routes requests made by the cli...

A component is an independent piece of code written for specific task that can be used by calling in controllers (example : email component), helper is used for helping cakephp in rendering the data to be shown to user with views, these only adds to modularity in code otherwise same coding can be implemented in controlle...

list some of the features in Cake php 1. Compatible with versions 4 and 5 of PHP 2. MVC architecture 3. Built-in validations 4. Caching 5. scaffolding Scaffolding is a meta-programming method of building database-backed software applications. It is a technique supported by some model-view-controller frameworks, in which the programmer may write a specification that describes how the application database may be used. The compiler uses this specification to generate code that the application can use to create, read, update and delete database...

Has and belongs to many is a kind of associations that can be defined in models for retrieving associated data across different entiti...

model view controller, it is a software architecture, used to isolates business logic from presentation logic. cakephp is based on mvc patte...

bootstrap.php , it can be changed , either through index.php , or through .htacc...

in...

Table names are plural and lowercased,model names are singular and CamelCased:ModelName, model file names are singular and underscored: model_name.php, controller names are plural and CamelCased with *Controller* appended: ControllerNamesController, controller filenames are plural and underscored with *controller* appended: controller_names_controller.php, associations should use the ModelName, and the order should match the order of the foreignKeys: var $belongsTo = ‘User’; , foreign keys should always be: table_name_in_singular_form_id:...

Cakephp is a rapid development framework for PHP that provides an extensible architecture for developing, maintaining, and deploying applications. it uses commonly known design patterns like MVC,ORM within the convention over configuration paradigm, It also reduces development costs and helps developers write less co...

By default it is database.php.default, you can find it in /app/config/database.php.default for connecting to database, it should be renamed to database....

Model-View-Controller is the concept introduced by Smalltalk's inventors to encapsulating some data together with its processing (the model) and isolate it from the manipulation (the controller) and presentation (the view) part that has to be done on a UserInterface. A model :- is an object representing data e.g. a database table. A view :- is some form of visualization of the state of the model. A controller :- offers facilities to change the state of the model. <?php //////////////My Property Class//////////// // it contain getter setter...

Take the framework either from cake site or if you have changed according to your needs start from there. proceed with basic software engg. concepts as requirement gathering ...

Allow modules to interact with the Drupal core. Drupal's module system is based on the concept of "hooks". A hook is a PHP function that is named foo_bar(), where "foo" is the name of the module (whose filename is thus foo.module) and "bar" is the name of the hook. Each hook has a defined set of parameters and a specified result type. To extend Drupal, a module need simply implement a hook. When Drupal wishes to allow intervention from modules, it determines which modules implement a hook and calls that hook in all enabled modules that implement...

A module is software (code) that extends Drupal features and/or functionality. Core modules are those included with the main download of Drupal, and you can turn on their functionality without installing additional software. Contributed modules are downloaded from the Modules download section of drupal.org, and installed within your Drupal installation. You can also create your own modules; this requires a thorough understanding of Drupal, PHP programming, and Drupal's module A...

A node in Drupal is the generic term for a piece of content on your web site. (Note that the choice of the word "node" is not meant in the mathematical sense as part of a network.) Some examples of nodes: • Pages in books • Discussion topics in forums • Entries in blogs • News article stories Each node on your site has a Content Type. It also has a Node ID, a Title, a creation date, an author (a user on the site), a Body (which may be ignored/omitted for some content types), and some other properties. By using modules such as the contributed...

XML-RPC is a protocol that uses XML messages to perform Remote Procedure Calls. Requests are encoded in XML and sent via HTTP POST; XML responses are embedded in the body of the HTTP response. More succinctly, XML-RPC = HTTP + XML + Remote Procedure Calls. Because XML-RPC is platform independent, diverse applications can communicate with one another. For example, a Java client can speak XML-RPC to a Perl server. To get a quick sense of XML-RPC, here is a sample XML-RPC request to a weather service (with the HTTP Headers omitted): <?xml version="1.0"...

The Web service protocol stack is an evolving set of protocols used to define, discover, and implement Web services. The core protocol stack consists of four layers: Service Transport: This layer is responsible for transporting messages between applications. Currently, this includes HTTP, SMTP, FTP, and newer protocols, such as Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP). XML Messaging: This layer is responsible for encoding messages in a common XML format so that messages can be understood at either end. Currently, this includes XML-RPC and...

If you want a more intuitive feel for Web services, try out the IBM Web Services Browser, available on the IBM Alphaworks site. The browser provides a series of Web services demonstrations. Behind the scenes, it ties together SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI to provide a simple plug-and-play interface for finding and invoking Web services. For example, you can find a stock-quote service, a traffic-report service, and a weather service. Each service is independent, and you can stack services like building blocks. You can, therefore, create a single page...

A web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over the Internet and uses a standardized XML messaging system. XML is used to encode all communications to a Web service. For example, a client invokes a Web service by sending an XML message, then waits for a corresponding XML response. Because all communication is in XML, Web services are not tied to any one operating system or programming language--Java can talk with Perl; Windows applications can talk with Unix applications. Beyond this basic definition, a Web service...

403 Forbidden is the HTTP status code produced by a web server when you are not permitted to access a particular URL. Usually a 403 Forbidden error means that the page in question does exist but cannot be accessed by you. Some websites are locked down so that only those on the local company or school network can access parts of the site. You will often see 403 Forbidden errors when browsing such sites from "off-campus." Sometimes webmasters try to set up dynamic web programming features like PHP or Perl/CGI but fail to do so correctly....

Every time you follow a link or type in the name of a website, such as www.scriptscart.com, that name must be translated into an IP address on the Internet. This translation is done by the domain name system. A DNS server is a program that participates in the task of providing this service. Some DNS servers respond to queries from web browsers and other programs, make further inquiries, and return IP addresses, such as 208.27.35.236. Other DNS servers have primary responsibility for answering DNS inquiries about names within a particular domain,...

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), also known as TLS (Transport Layer Security), is a protocol that allows two programs to communicate with each other in a secure way. Like TCP/IP, SSL allows programs to create "sockets," endpoints for communication, and make connections between those sockets. But SSL, which is built on top of TCP, adds the additional capability of encryption. The HTTPS protocol spoken by web browsers when communicating with secure sites is simply the usual World Wide Web HTTP protocol, "spoken" over SSL instead of directly over...

A web browser is what you're probably looking at right now: a program on yourcomputer that shows you stuff that's on the web. A web server is a program on a server computer, somewhere out on the Internet, that delivers web pages to web browsers. The term web server also refers to an actual, physical computer that is running web server softwa...

A web server is a computer program that delivers (serves) content, such as web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), over the World Wide Web. The term web server can also refer to the computer or virtual machine running the program. In large commercial deployments, a server computer running a web server can be rack-mounted with other servers to operate a web farm. The primary function of a web server is to deliver web pages to clients. This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content that may be included by...

.htaccess is an extension of the Directory Hierarchy that serves to enable users to set directives for themselves, subject to permissions (AllowOverride) set up by the server administrat...